Unless you are proficient in network security, it is not recommended to enable manual port forwarding, auto port forwarding (UPnP, Universal Plug and Play) and demilitarized zone (DMZ) for QNAP NAS in your router or modem configuration.
Adversaries can spoof an authoritative source for name resolution on a victim network by responding to LLMNR (UDP 5355)/NBT-NS (UDP 137) traffic as if they know the identity of the requested host, effectively poisoning the service so that the victims will communicate with the adversary controlled system. If the requested host belongs to a resource that requires identification/authentication, the username and NTLMv2 hash will then be sent to the adversary controlled system. The adversary can then collect the hash information sent over the wire through tools that monitor the ports for traffic or through Network Sniffing and crack the hashes offline through Brute Force to obtain the plaintext passwords.
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Infinite port forwarding until the destination IP address is achieved. Forwards any TCP protocol. For example: HTTP, SMTP, POP, TELNET, NETBIOS and SSL. Easy access services behind firewall. Mapping service's low port number to a high port numberPort Forwarding Wizard 3.5.0 Limitations:
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Presumably, a VPN server is set up to provide secure remote access to the computer on which WireGuard is installed if not to the complete local area network to which the server is connected. For most of us that is complicated by the fact that the public IP address of our LAN is dynamically allocated by our Internet service provider who may assign a different IP address at any time. The solution is to obtain a host name that is associated with the public IP address of the LAN and to make sure that the domain name system, which resolves the host name to the IP address, is updated whenever the ISP changes the public address of your LAN. It is also necessary to take care of "port forwarding" that ensures that the VPN server gets its IP data packets because the server shares the public IP address with all other computers on the LAN that access resources outside of the local network. None of this is specific to WireGuard. Nevertheless section 3 is dedicated to this topic. I'll add two comments. First, don't forget section 3.4 Enabling IP Forwarding or you may be disappointed to find that you cannot remotely access an IP camera or a home automation server or some other resource on the LAN even though the VPN service is working perfectly fine. Second, when setting up an WireGuard instance that will be used as a user or client only, none of this matters.
If you already have access to an IP camera, a home automation system or a self-hosted cloud or NAS then you are probably quite familiar with dynamic host names and port forwarding so that you can skim through the next three steps, but do read carefully about Enabling IP forwarding.
On my router, the Raspberry Pi shows up as a connected device with a "self-assigned" IP address. Again, the static IP address assigned to the Pi should be outside the pool of dynamic DHCP addresses controlled by the DHCP server on the router. For some important devices such as the Raspberry Pi that hosts my home automation system, I chose to set a static IP address with a DHCP reservation on the router and have the Raspberry Pi set up a static IP address, just to be safe.
For security reasons, consumer class routers such as the one supplied by an ISP have a built-in firewall that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic. Typically, outgoing traffic can only be sent out if the end point (i.e. port) is for some "well-known" use. Typically, incoming traffic is blocked outright unless it is part of an exchange initiated by a device on the LAN. That is why you can use a Web browser from your home computer to read this post! There's an obvious problem for us. How can the Raspberry Pi be reached if the firewall will not let through IP packets destined to the Pi. So a "hole" has to be punched through the firewall. In technical terms, a port forwarding rule has to be established. That rule will instruct the firewall to send any IP packet addressed to the correct port to be sent on to a Pi.
It is difficult to give instructions about implementing port forwarding because each router model is different. On mine, there is a Port Forwarding tab in the Basic menu, and a Add Rule button which displays the window shown below when clicked.
If you are having trouble setting up the port forwarding rules on your router, there are sites such as PF Network Utilities that have information about many router models. They also offer utilities that perform various functions including port forwarding, which I cannot endorse because I am much too paranoid to install such software and much too cheap to pay for it in the first place. I must say that the site provided accurate information about my router, but it was hidden behind a lot of advertising for their products.
Configuring WireGuard server is the most complicated part of setting up the VPN. There are many tutorials on how to proceed, starting with the WireGuard Quick Start guide. Frankly, I could not make much of it, because I really did not and still do not know enough to configure network interfaces, ip routing and so on from the command line. I did find other resources on the Web that helped me gain some knowledge, but in the end I have found that Adrian Mihalko, who provided some of the first instructions for installing WireGuard on the Raspberry Pi back when it was rather complicated, also created a user management script that perfectly suited my needs and level of understanding. It turns out that the script is actually a fork of the wg-config project by faicker on GitHub. I should have credited faicker just as Adrian did. I wanted a VPN server on the home network and VPN clients on Android devices (could be iOS) and this is precisely what the script facilitates. It turns out that the script takes all the drudgery out of installing VPN "clients" on a dual boot (Linux and Windows) portable computer also.
The Linux machine on which I installed WireGuard is a portable computer with Linux Mint 19.2 Xfce which I want to use to connect with my home network from remote locations. My first action was to update the system and then check to make sure that WireGuard was not already installed.
I just slide the wanted tunnel button to the right as shown above. On my Android phone the connection details are displayed by clicking on the tunnel name, but opening a tunnel would be done just the same, by sliding to the right the control beside the desired tunnel. As soon as that is done, I have access to all resources on my home network on 192.168.1.xxx just as if my Android device were connected directly to the LAN. I can therefore watch the rtsp://192.168.1.95/11 video stream as if I were home. It is so simple and yet secure. Anyone eavesdropping on the Wi-Fi network in the shop or anywhere along the route between my tablet and my home router would see IP packets with encrypted content. Instead of seeing the address 192.168.1.95:554 from which it could be surmised that there is an IP camera on my home network (554 is the typical RTSP port), the visible address will be 168.102.82.120:53133 which is the public IP address of the router and the obscure port used by the WireGuard interface which encodes everything else end-to-end, including the final destination address.
Once you have thoroughly tested everything, I suggest it is time to look at all ports that were being forwarded at the LAN firewall. I was able to remove all holes punched through it for the home automation system, for IP cameras, etc. and replace them with a single UDP port forwarded to the WireGuard service. Now there's a single hole in the firewall. Try it and you too may get a warm fuzzy feeling of security. Hopefully, I will not regret this in the future.
I have found WireGuard to be very reliable and its use surprisingly seamless. That being said, I encountered a problem using the VPN. Many public access points block forwarding of UDP datagrams to most ports, and WireGuard uses UDP only. Three coffee chains with outlets across North America and beyond do not yet have such a restrictive policy, but in many institutional setting this is the case. It appears that a big well-known international fast food chain base in the USA also blocks UDP traffic. I wanted to take a closer look at this issue before physical access to restaurants was suspended due to the risks associated with the coronavirus. While restrictions have eased lately, I have yet to look into this problem. 2ff7e9595c
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